Implementation of Enhanced Spray Routing Protocol for VDTN On Surabaya Smart City Scenario

Agussalim; Agung Brastama Putra

doi:10.29207/resti.v7i4.4494

Agussalim UPN Veteran Jawa Timur
Agung Brastama Putra UPN Veteran Jawa Timur

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29207/resti.v7i4.4494

Keywords: SmartCity, VDTN, Surabaya, SNHD, Routing Protocol

Abstract

The application of smart-city, which promises better city management in helping to improve people's quality of life, is still inhibited due to the high cost of infrastructure investment. In several Smart Cities, it takes at least $ 30 - 40 billion to convert a conventional town into a smart city, including for data collection infrastructure. Alternatively, low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) could be considered, but they need more bandwidth to serve data transmission in a smart city. Vehicle Delay Tolerant Network (VDTN) is one part of DTN that employs vehicles as a communication infrastructure that allows communication in challenging conditions and could make it an alternative network for Data Collection in a Smart City. This paper proposes a Surabaya Smart City scenario with VDTN as data collection. The scenario consists of 40 wireless sensors and 50 to 200 vehicles (car and bus) with five Road Side Units that forward data from the sensor to the monitoring server. Furthermore, to increase the VDTN performance, we improve our proposed routing protocol, Spray and Hop Distance (SNHD), with two sprays method (Adaptive and Simple) and data collection support from multiple sources and destinations. The evaluation was carried out using a simulation-based comparison with an increase in the number of vehicles to determine the impact of vehicle density on data collection performance in terms of delivery probability, latency average, and overhead ratio. Based on the simulation results, the simple spray method in SNHD and A-SNHD outperformed the well-known VDTN routing protocol, i.e., Epidemic and Spray and Wait. Furthermore, when the number of cars increases from 50 to 200, the performance of VDTN does not increase significantly as the density of the network increases. It means that VDTN only requires a small number of vehicles to be used as a low-cost alternative network for smart cities.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

“Smart London Plan: Using the creative power of new technologies to serve London and improve Londoners’ lives,” 2013. [Online]. Available: https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/smart_london_plan.pdf.

G. Technology, “New Orleans Wants to Be a Smart City, But at What Cost?” https://www.govtech.com/archive/new-orleans-wants-to-be-a-smart-city-but-at-what-cost.html.

SoundThingking, “Partner Press Release: San Diego to Deploy World’s Largest Smart City IoT Platform.” [Online]. Available: https://www.soundthinking.com/press-releases/partner-press-release-san-diego-to-deploy-worlds-largest-smart-city-iot-platform/.

J. Paradells, C. Gómez, I. Demirkol, J. Oller, and M. Catalan, “Infrastructureless smart cities. Use cases and performance,” in 2014 International Conference on Smart Communications in Network Technologies (SaCoNeT), 2014, pp. 1–6, doi: 10.1109/SaCoNeT.2014.6867772.

P. R. Pereira, A. Casaca, J. J. P. C. Rodrigues, V. N. G. J. Soares, J. Triay, and C. Cervello-Pastor, “From Delay-Tolerant Networks to Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks,” IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1166–1182, 2012, doi: 10.1109/SURV.2011.081611.00102.

R. C. Shah, S. Roy, S. Jain, and W. Brunette, “Data MULEs: modeling a three-tier architecture for sparse sensor networks,” in Proceedings of the First IEEE International Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols and Applications, 2003., 2003, pp. 30–41, doi: 10.1109/SNPA.2003.1203354.

E. Yaacoub, K. Abualsaud, T. Khattab, and A. Chehab, “Secure Transmission of IoT mHealth Patient Monitoring Data from Remote Areas Using DTN,” IEEE Netw., vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 226–231, 2020, doi: 10.1109/MNET.011.1900627.

D. Y. Seo, M. W. Kang, and Y. W. Chung, “An Improved ICN-DTN Protocol using Data Mule,” in 2019 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC), 2019, pp. 819–821, doi: 10.1109/ICTC46691.2019.8939780.

E. Tikhonov, D. Schneps-Schneppe, and D. Namiot, “Delay Tolerant Network Potential in a Railway Network,” in 2020 26th Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT), 2020, pp. 438–448, doi: 10.23919/FRUCT48808.2020.9087421.

O. Madamori, E. Max-Onakpoya, G. D. Erhardt, and C. E. Baker, “Enabling Opportunistic Low-cost Smart Cities By Using Tactical Edge Node Placement,” in 2021 16th Annual Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services Conference (WONS), 2021, pp. 1–8, doi: 10.23919/WONS51326.2021.9415579.

N. I. Er, K. D. Singh, C. Couturier, and J.-M. Bonnin, “Towards {A} Simple and Efficient {VDTN} Routing Protocol for Data Collection in Smart Cities,” CoRR, vol. abs/2108.09044, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.09044.

N. Das, S. Basu, and S. Das Bit, “Efficient DropBox Deployment toward Improving Post-Disaster Information Exchange in a Smart City,” ACM Trans. Spat. Algorithms Syst., vol. 6, no. 2, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1145/3373645.

Agussalim and M. Tsuru, “Spray and Hop Distance Routing Protocol in Multiple-Island DTN Scenarios,” in Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Future Internet Technologies, 2016, pp. 49–55, doi: 10.1145/2935663.2935668.

A. Keränen, J. Ott, and T. Kärkkäinen, “The ONE Simulator for DTN Protocol Evaluation,” 2009, doi: 10.4108/ICST.SIMUTOOLS2009.5674.

Agussalim, M. Tsuru, W. Nur Cahyo, and P. Agung Brastama, “Performance of Delay Tolerant Network Protocol in Smart City Scenario,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 1569, no. 2, p. 22056, 2020, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1569/2/022056.

Agussalim and M. Tsuru, “Node location dependent remaining-TTL message scheduling in DTNs,” in 2015 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Wireless and Mobile (APWiMob), 2015, pp. 108–113, doi: 10.1109/APWiMob.2015.7374945.

Agussalim and M. Tsuru, “Spray Router with Node Location Dependent Remaining-TTL Message Scheduling in DTNs,” J. Inf. Process., vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 647–659, 2016, doi: 10.2197/ipsjjip.24.647.

T. Spyropoulos, K. Psounis, and C. S. Raghavendra, “Spray and Wait: An Efficient Routing Scheme for Intermittently Connected Mobile Networks,” in Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Delay-Tolerant Networking, 2005, pp. 252–259, doi: 10.1145/1080139.1080143.

A. Vahdat and D. Becker, “Epidemic Routing for Partially-Connected Ad Hoc Networks,” Tech. Rep., Jun. 2000.

E. Spaho, L. Barolli, V. Kolici, and A. Lala, “Evaluation of Single-Copy and Multiple-Copy Routing Protocols in a Realistic VDTN Scenario,” in 2016 10th International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS), 2016, pp. 284–289, doi: 10.1109/CISIS.2016.43.

R. Hernández-Jiménez, C. Cardenas, and D. Muñoz Rodríguez, “Modeling and Solution of the Routing Problem in Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks: A Dual, Deep Learning Perspective,” Applied Sciences, vol. 9, no. 23. 2019, doi: 10.3390/app9235254.