E. Ongko, A. Indrawati, and S. Sukiman, “A Hybrid Framework Combining U-Net, Ant Colony Optimization, and CNN for Rice Leaf Disease Classification under Class Imbalance”, J. RESTI (Rekayasa Sist. Teknol. Inf.) , vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 1474–1484, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.29207/resti.v9i6.6910.